Women in Law Enforcement free essay sample

A study of the adversities faced by professional women in law enforcement. This paper examines the under representation of women in the law enforcement occupations as compared to women in many traditionally male jobs. The paper states that despite laws such as affirmative action, the presence of women is uncommon in higher-ranking offices such as sergeant or commissioner. It describes that women officers are often sexually harassed, receive lower pay in relation to men in their position and are often passed over for advancement for a male even if they are equally or better qualified. The paper offers methods to help reduce disparities if implemented correctly, such as enacting diversity education and training, actively recruiting, retaining and promoting female employees as well as providing a means of support for female officers will result in increased efficiency and employee satisfaction for the department as a whole. Occupations in law have traditionally been reserved for men. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was considered too dangerous, too risky and too difficult for women, women who did enter law enforcement were often times given desk jobs. Even during the 1960s when women began to enter the job market with a vengeance, women were still persuaded from pursuing law enforcement occupations. Even today, there remains a disproportionate amount of females in such occupations. Additionally, the few women that are in these fields face various obstacles that include discrimination and harassment on the job. The plight of women in law enforcement can be compared to the plight of women in the corporate world, as both face similar obstacles and circumstances.

Dolphin Fish (Mahi-Mahi) Facts

Dolphin Fish (Mahi-Mahi) Facts The dolphin fish is not a dolphin. Unlike dolphins, which are mammals, dolphin fish are a type of ray-finned fish. The dolphin fish most likely got its confusing common name because it was previously classified in the genus Dolfyn. It also has a melon-shaped head, much like that of a true dolphin. In the modern classification system, the fish belongs to the genus Coryphaena. If a restaurant menu includes dolphin, its referring to the dolphin fish, not the mammal. Some restaurants use the alternative names mahi-mahi and pompano to prevent confusion. Fast Facts: Dolphin Fish Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus (common dolphin fish); Coryphaena equiselis (pompano dolphin fish)Other Names: Dolphinfish, dolphin, mahi-mahi, dorado, pompanoDistinguishing Features: Brilliantly colored fish with single dorsal fin spanning the length of the body; males have protruding foreheadsAverage Size: 1 meter in length and up to 40 kilograms (88 lb) weightDiet: CarnivorousLife Span: Up to 5 years, but usually less than 2 yearsHabitat: Temperate, subtropical, and tropical oceans worldwideConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: CoryphaenidaeFun Fact: The dolphin fish is a very fast swimmer, reaching speeds of nearly 60 mph. Description There are two species of dolphin fish. The common dolphin fish (also known as mahi-mahi or dorado) is C. hippurus. The other species of dolphin fish is C. equiselis, which is also known as the pompano dolphin fish. Both species in the genus Coryphaena have a compressed head and single dorsal fin running the full length of the body. Both the anal and caudal fins are sharply concave. A mature male (bull) has a prominent protruding forehead, while a female has a rounded head. Mature females are smaller than males. Their long, slender bodies are well-suited to fast swimming. Mahi-mahi swim up to 50 knots (92.6 kph or 57.5 mph). Pompano dolphin fish are sometimes mistaken for juvenile common dolphin fish or mahi-mahi because they are small, reaching a maximum length of 127 centimeters (50 in). Pompano dolphin fish are bright blue-green with silver-gold sides. The fish fade in color to dull gray-green when they die. A typical mahi-mahi reaches a length of one meter and a weight of 7 to 13 kg (15 to 29 lb), but fish over 18 kg (40 lb) have been caught. These fish are brilliantly colored in shades of blue, green, and gold. Pectoral fins are iridescent blue, the back is green and blue, while flanks are silvery-gold. Some individuals sport red spots. Out of water, the fish appears golden (giving rise to the name dorado). Upon death, color fades to yellowish-gray. Distribution Both species of dolphin fish are migratory. The common dolphin fish prefers coastal and open water from sea level to a depth of 85 meters in temperate, subtropical, and tropical oceans worldwide. The pompano dolphin fish range overlaps that of the common dolphin fish, but it usually lives in the open ocean and occurs as deep as 119 meters. The fish form schools and tend to congregate in seaweed and under floating objects, including buoys and boats. Diet and Predators Dolphin fish are carnivores that prey upon zooplankton, squid, crustaceans, and smaller fish. The fish is prey to other large oceanic predators, including billfish and sharks. Both species are important for commercial and sports fishing. The fish are generally considered safe to eat, but they are moderately contaminated with mercury and can serve as a vector for ciguatera poisoning. Reproduction and Life Cycle Dolphin fish grow and mature very quickly. Fish reach maturity between 4 and 5 months of age and start spawning when they reach a length of about 20 centimeters. Spawning occurs throughout the year when water currents are warm. Females spawn two to three times each year, producing 80,000 to a million eggs each time. Pompano dolphin fish have a life span of up to 3 to 4 years, but most live less than 2 years. Mahi-mahi live up to 5 years, but rarely exceed 4 years. Conservation Status Both the common dolphin fish and pompano dolphin fish are categorized as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Its population is stable. However, the fish face threats from declining habitat quality. The species has high commercial value and is extensively harvested. Many countries have imposed bag limits and size limits to support sustainable fishing. Sources Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K.E., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Graves, J., Viera Hazin, F.H., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Schaefer, K., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R.P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E., Uozumi, Y. Yanez, E.  2011.  Coryphaena hippurus.  The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  2011: e.T154712A4614989.  Gibbs, R.H., Jr. and Collette, B.B. 1959. On the identification, distribution, and biology of the dolphins,  Coryphaena hippurus  and  C. equiselis.  Bulletin of Marine Science  9(2): 117-152.Potoschi, A., O. Reà ±ones and L. Cannizzaro. 1999. Sexual development, maturity and reproduction of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western and central Mediterranean.: Sci. Mar. 63(3-4):367-372.Sakamoto, R. and Kojima, S. 1999. Review of dolphinfish biological and fishing data i n Japanese waters.  Science Marine  63(3-4): 375-385. Schwenke, K.L. and Buckel, J.A. 2008. Age, growth, and reproduction of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) caught off the coast of North Carolina.  Fish. Bull.  106: 82-92.

Problem solving outline on getting organized Essay

Problem solving outline on getting organized - Essay Example Moreover, the garage is also heaving with boxes, books, tools and so on that needs to be given a proper place and sorted out. How should I go about solving this problem? Would I keep living like this? How can I put everything in an organized manner? B. Description of the problem I stay busy all day and have less time to spare so I want to solve this problem by spending the least amount of time. However, I have some important material that I would like to keep with me so some sorting has to be done. Several choices would fit the need, but I have to consider all of the work involved and make the right decision. II. Body A. Specific criteria stated 1) Time that would take to organize 2) Cost of organizing 3) Utilization of space B. Alternative 1, application of criteria, and evaluation Alternative #1: Boxing all the documents and belongings and labeling each box 1) This would take up a lot of time as I would have to go through everything and sort them into boxes. This would take a coupl e of days and that’s too much time considering my busy schedule 2) The only cost would be the boxed that I would have to buy which is not too much to spend 3) the boxes may take a lot of space in the house C.

Lesson 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lesson 2 - Assignment Example the five dimensions are conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion. The acronyms CANOE NEOAC, or OCEAN are used to refer to these traits. An aggregate of factors are found under each dimension. First, Openness is a trait which encompasses features such as insight and imagination. It also implies that individuals bearing it generally appreciate emotion, art, unusual ideas and adventure. On a broader spectrum, openness infers to the level of intellectual curiosity, preference or creativity that an individual has. Therefore, people having this trait tend to possess a wide range of interests. Second, Conscientiousness implies to the art of being dependable, organized, act dutifully, having goal directed characteristics with a superb impulse control. People with this trait have a tendency to be mindful of little details. Third, Neuroticism refers to the habit of experiencing unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, vulnerability and anger. This implies that individuals who are high in this behavior/trait often experience sadness and emotional instability. Fourth, the primary attributes under agreeableness are altruism, affection, affection trust and a wider variety of prosoc ial behaviours. Fifth, The common features depicted by people having Extraversion as a trait include sociability, assertiveness and excitability. As such, individuals having this dimension express themselves emotionally. This personality test was designed to help individuals identify some vital personal preferences in how they make decisions or view the world.. The acronym MBTI represents the indicator. The MBTI assessment was developed by Isabel Myers and Katharine Cook. The model uses four dichotomies or preferences; extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeing and judging/perception. Under Extraversion/introversion, Myers acknowledged that each and every one of the cognitive functions can

Intellectual property rights relating to your practice work and your Essay

Intellectual property rights relating to your practice work and your learning contract - Essay Example Interior designing is an emerging field of architecture that is taking the form of immense creativity, fashion statement and financial investments. Due to its rising demand around the world, the interior designs and products are becoming a necessary luxury item in households. Each interior design or product is custom made with unique combination of raw materials to create a new design that is unique, modern and one-of-its-kind. This special report aims to explore various IPRs available when combined can provide comprehensive protection of each interior design and product. To achieve this aim, the report has the objective to explore each type of intellectual property rights, their differences, strengths and weaknesses, protection and management issues. Furthermore, it will explore the world wide protection available to interior designs or products. It will also propose appropriate action to take, to capture, retain and manage a mix of IPR for a particular project or design. It will ex plore how to trace and negotiate rights for IPR held by others. 2 What is an Interior Design / Product? The interior designs or products are the furnishings and fittings for interior decoration purposes. These include audiovisual and presentations, bedrooms, arts, crafts and antiques, bathrooms and washrooms, building elements, decorative materials, dining room, fabrics and soft furnishings, flooring, heating and cooling, interior landscapes, kitchens, leisure and entertainment, lighting, living room furniture, mirrors, frames and clocks, office and outdoor furniture, public seating, shelving and storage, signs and notice boards, speciality and contract furniture, wall and ceiling finishes and window treatments. This list is not exhaustive. 3 Types of Intellectual Property Rights in an Interior Design The basic types of IPRs include Patents, Designs, Trademarks, Service Marks, Copyrights and Related Rights, Trade Secrets, Domain Names, Geographical Indications, Integrated Circuit De signs and Plant Breeder Rights. Each of these types protect one kind of work. For instance, patents protect inventions, processes and discoveries whereas, trademarks protect the brand names, slogans, company name, etc. In order to comprehensively protect an interior design or product, it is important to ensure that every aspect is properly protected through the acquisition and maintenance of the right type of IPR. The unique combination of IPRs to protect an interior design or product includes patents, designs, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and domain names. Lockwood (2007) enumerated ten leading ways through which the value of a design can be gauged. He postulated that Storage Trek created an interior design that affected positively 5,000 employees however, its value was also maintained through its comprehensive IP protection. Therefore, it assisted Storage Trek to create that design, use it and still able to sell in the market without losing it to any copycat. Ferrill and Tanhehco (2011) also highlighted the benefits of protecting designs. Scott (2011) postulated that

Victimization, Deterrence and Social Disorganization

Victimization, Deterrence and Social Disorganization The life course theory is one of the developmental theories that is interesting. The life course theory incorporates the idea from the social learning theory that crime is a learned behavior (Siegel, 2011). This occurs when the individual experiences a transition during their life course. According to the life course theory we start behaviors at a very young age that can have a significant impact on our adult life. One of the points brought up in the life course theory is about transitions that we go through as we grow up such as finishing school, getting a job, getting married and having kids (Siegel, 2011). These transitions are what make the life course theory a developmental theory because these transitions are what can make or break your life. If a person experiences a good transition during their life it will help them to stay away from crime whereas if they have a bad transition period it can actually cause them to start or resume a criminal lifestyle. If these transitions are experienced to soon or too late it can also impact your life. Our textbook talks about these transitions as being too soon when a girl gets pregnant at a young age or too late when a teenager gets into the wrong crowd and makes choices that affects their futures and how these decisions can put their life on a totally different path than the one that they were on. The life course theory and the social learning theory are similar in that they both have the principle that a person is born not knowing how to be a criminal but rather learn how to be a criminal over the span of their life. The life course theory and the social learning theory are different in that the life course theory concentrates more on the experiences of a persons life that affects them and if it influences them to become criminals or not whereas the social learning theory concentrates more on how the person is shaped by the society that they live in and how that influences them to become criminals or not. Compare and contrast the different theories of victimization. In addition to explaining the theories, discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Also, use one of the theories to explain why women are more likely than men to be the victims of rape and domestic violence. There are four different theories of victimization. These include victim precipitation theory, lifestyle theory, deviant place theory, and the routine activities theory. The victim precipitation theory is where some people actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury and death (Siegel, 2011). There are two ways that this theory can happen. It can either be active or passive. With active precipitation you have the victim that is showing threating behavior along with an exchange of words that sometimes even leads to the victim attacking first. In the passive precipitation the victim acts in a way that can encourage the person doing the attacking to attack or sometimes the victim can even send out threating signals that causes them to be a victim of crime. I believe that the passive precipitation form of the victim precipitation theory would be the reason why women more than men are the victims of rape and domestic violence. Some women unknowingly flirt or exhibit sexual behavior that can encourage or entice a male into wanting to have his way with her. In the case of domestic violence the woman can cause the man to feel thr eatened by her actions without meaning to. She may be mad and yell or strike at him and he feels threatened so he fights back. This is not an excuse for a male to strike a female of course but it can happen. One weakness of the victim precipitation theory is that with the passive precipitation form of this theory a person can become a victim when they actually had nothing at all to do with what was going on. The lifestyle theory is where crime is not a random occurrence; rather it is a function of the victims lifestyle (Siegel, 2011). Basically the more risk factors that you have in your life such as drinking and taking drugs the higher the chance that you will become a victim at some point. I like the way that our book points out that if you live a party type lifestyle in college it makes you more susceptible to becoming a victim. If you are a person on the other hand that is settled down and stays home a lot it reduces your chances of becoming a victim. The deviant place theory is the greater the exposure to dangerous places, the more likely people are to become victims of crime and violence (Siegel, 2011). This is basically that the person does not exhibit any behaviors to encourage the criminal to victimize them but because of where they live they become a victim. For example people that live in the poorer areas of the city are more susceptible to becoming a victim than say someone that lives in the suburb outside of the city where they can better control the elements that they live in and around. In the poorer areas is where I believe most of your criminals and homeless live and people who live around those elements become easier targets for the criminals. The routine activities theory is where victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders (Siegel, 2011). Basically this theory is where you have three things that can increase the likelihood of crime taking place. You have houses that are in a nice neighborhood that have nice things in them that entice a criminal to break in to get these things to sell, you have no one home to guard the house and the nice things in the house and you have the criminal that is motivated by seeing this and wanting to profit from breaking into the house. Explain the theory of general deterrence and the theory of specific deterrence. Discuss how certainty, severity, and speed of punishment impact general deterrence? Then, discuss whether our current criminal justice system effectively produces general deterrence and specific deterrence? If so, how? If not, what needs to change to produce general deterrence and/or specific deterrence? Be sure to answer these questions in regard to both general and specific deterrence. Theory of general deterrence is a crime control policy that depends on the fear of criminal penalties, convincing the potential law violator that the pains associated with crime outweighs its benefits (Siegel, 2011). Basically with the theory of general deterrence it is saying that you will have a lower crime rate if the criminal believes that they will be severely punished for the crime that they commit. The certainty of punishment aspect impacts the general deterrence theory in that offenders that believe that they will be punished and that the punishment is not worth it to them will cause them to not commit the crime whereas offenders that believe that when they get caught they will not be punished will commit the crime. Certainty of punishment has a huge impact on a criminal when they are deciding to commit a crime or not. If a criminal believes that they will be severely punished for the crime they will think twice before committing the crime. However this aspect has little effe ct on the general deterrence theory. The swiftness of punishment does not have a large impact on the general deterrence theory because it takes so long to get through the court systems that by the time the criminal is sentenced that the effect of deterring the crime has long since been forgotten. It would be a good deterrent if the punishment was carried out quickly I think. Like in the old days when someone killed someone they were taken out by the local sheriff and hung. This being witnessed by the community deterred anyone else from wanting to commit the same crime and the same thing happening to them. Theory of specific deterrence is the view that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that offenders will never repeat their criminal acts (Siegel, 2011). Basically with the theory of specific deterrence you have the thought that a very high punishment or long jail sentence would keep a criminal from repeating their crime. Some times this can backfire though where the worse the punishment the more the criminal wants to commit the crime. This can be caused by the criminal wanting to show how big and bad they are and that the judicial system did not win. I think that the criminal judicial system produces more general deterrence than specific deterrence because we see more people that are deterred away from crime because of the perception that they have of the punishment that they will receive than we have people that dont drink and drive because of a fine and a small time spent in jail. If the punishments were higher for drinking and driving then I think we would have more specific d eterrence than we do. Social disorganization theory links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics. Identify and discuss these characteristics and explain how/why they lead to crime. Use social disorganization theory to explain why there are more robberies in Atlanta, GA compared to Kennesaw, GA. The characteristics of the social disorganization theory are poverty, social/community disorganization, breakdown of traditional values, criminal areas, cultural transmission and criminal careers. Poverty can lead to crime in the neighborhoods that have a poverty concentration effect occur due to the middle class leaving and only the poorer residents remain. Our textbook states that, urban areas marked by concentrated poverty become isolated and insulated from the social mainstream and more prone to criminal activity (Siegel, 2011). In an area where you have white flight occur the people that are left have a harder time keeping gangs and violence under control due to their limited resources. Social/Community disorganization occurs when you have a lack of informal social control. When the families in these communities have a hard time keeping their kids under control and away from delinquent behavior this in turn causes crime to occur. When a breakdown of traditional values occurs the youth feel detached from their communities this leaves them more open to be recruited by the neighborhood bad guys and this leads to gang being formed and therefore crime being done in the neighborhood. Cultural transmission occurs when you have community fear. In neighborhoods that have teenagers that are getting into trouble a lot and a lot of empty stores the residents of these neighborhoods become fearful that they will become a victim of crime and this causes them to withdraw from their neighborhood. This fear is then passed on to the younger generation. According to our textbook the crime rates are elevated in highly transient, mixed-use and changing neighborhoods in which the fabric of social life has become frayed (Siegel, 2011). Atlanta is more of a mixed used society than Kennesaw and with the bigger businesses in Atlanta they have more people moving in and out of the city for work that is constantly changing the different neighborhoods in Atlanta. Kennesaw does not have the big corporate offices and therefore does not have the change of the neighborhoods and appears to be more stable than Atlanta. Atlanta is unable to provide the basic services to all of its residents and where you have a lot of people unemployed and homeless with a lot of time on their hands you usually have a high crime rate. You see more homeless people in Atlanta than you do Kennesaw. Also you have the concentration effect going on in Atlanta where a lot of the middle class have left the city leaving the disadvantaged citizens in the city. Kennesaw does not seem to have the concentration effect that we see in Atlanta. When you have a poverty concentration you see more criminal activity and a higher rate of robberies. Source: Siegel, L. J. (2011). Criminology, the core. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub Co.

Everchanging Technology :: Internet Technology Computer Essays

Everchanging Technology Works cited missing While first considering how to go about completing this assignment, I tried to keep in mind the one constant characteristic of technology: it is always changing. Technology seems to change faster than most can keep pace with. Even simple tasks like writing letters has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Twenty years ago, the postal system was the most common way for people to communicate through writing. Now people use e-mail, allowing them to communicate with anyone in the world at the click of a mouse. Other activities associated with writing have also made a shift to computers, condemning devices like the typewriter and the pencil to relative obscurity. The fact that technology is always changing and that things that were once thought of as conveniences can quickly become outdated became my inspiration for this assignment. One can think of past technologies like the typewriter as being left behind to wither and die, which is why I chose to use a watermelon as my canvas to write on. The watermelon perfectly represents the "life span" of technology. When you buy a watermelon, as with any perishable item, you know that it has a limited shelf life before it rots and becomes unusable. Technology can be thought of in the same way, even though the process takes a longer period of time. Take the CD for example. In the 1980s, compact disks became preferable to vinyl records by most consumers because of better sound quality and overall convenience. Now that mp3 technology is beginning to expand, it seems that CDs might soon become obsolete. My goal for the assignment was to stay as close to using all "natural" materials as possible and although I got the watermelon from a grocery store, I think that I accomplished that objective. Besides the watermelon the only other object I used was a sharp rock that I found outside my apartment. I used the rock to carve "all technology will rot someday" into the melon. I feel that statement illustrates the point that I am trying to make about the relationship between writing and technology. One of the criteria for this assignment was the permanence of what we created. But because technology does not seem to have any permanence itself (especially when applied to writing technology), I decided to focus more on the use of natural materials and the creative aspect of the project. Everchanging Technology :: Internet Technology Computer Essays Everchanging Technology Works cited missing While first considering how to go about completing this assignment, I tried to keep in mind the one constant characteristic of technology: it is always changing. Technology seems to change faster than most can keep pace with. Even simple tasks like writing letters has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Twenty years ago, the postal system was the most common way for people to communicate through writing. Now people use e-mail, allowing them to communicate with anyone in the world at the click of a mouse. Other activities associated with writing have also made a shift to computers, condemning devices like the typewriter and the pencil to relative obscurity. The fact that technology is always changing and that things that were once thought of as conveniences can quickly become outdated became my inspiration for this assignment. One can think of past technologies like the typewriter as being left behind to wither and die, which is why I chose to use a watermelon as my canvas to write on. The watermelon perfectly represents the "life span" of technology. When you buy a watermelon, as with any perishable item, you know that it has a limited shelf life before it rots and becomes unusable. Technology can be thought of in the same way, even though the process takes a longer period of time. Take the CD for example. In the 1980s, compact disks became preferable to vinyl records by most consumers because of better sound quality and overall convenience. Now that mp3 technology is beginning to expand, it seems that CDs might soon become obsolete. My goal for the assignment was to stay as close to using all "natural" materials as possible and although I got the watermelon from a grocery store, I think that I accomplished that objective. Besides the watermelon the only other object I used was a sharp rock that I found outside my apartment. I used the rock to carve "all technology will rot someday" into the melon. I feel that statement illustrates the point that I am trying to make about the relationship between writing and technology. One of the criteria for this assignment was the permanence of what we created. But because technology does not seem to have any permanence itself (especially when applied to writing technology), I decided to focus more on the use of natural materials and the creative aspect of the project.

Oppression: a Comparative Literary Analysis

Oppression: A Comparative Literary Analysis There has been an ongoing battle within trends in society, and continues as time evolves and revolutions occur. Such battles include issues of oppression; be it in marriages, families, or in society as a whole. Two particular stories that tackle these issues within the idea of oppression include â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. While Chopin’s story deals with how women are expected to conform by society’s standards, Kesey’s piece argues how men are feeling emasculated from the pressures of society in whole. Such major similarities and difference these two have with one another include dealings with marriage, the desire for individualism and nonconformity, and the issues with gender norms. Now Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a short story of a woman who, because of her husband’s supposed death, realizes her newfound freedom and independence. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, on the other hand, is a novel set at a psychiatric hospital located in Oregon, with characters including Chief Bromden, one of the protagonists and the narrator, who is half ­Native American and pretends to be deaf and mute. There is also Randle McMurphy, who is the other protagonist and a rebellious convict sent from prison. The plot concerns itself with McMurphy’s interaction with the other patients in the ward along with those who run it. From then on he comes up with events for the patients to participate in, with the intention of making them stand up for themselves against society’s pressure. Initially he thinks that being in a psychiatric institution is an easy way out compared to prison, however in the end he violently thrashes against Nurse Ra.

How to Build a Computer essays

How to Build a Computer essays Building a computer involves several matters that need to be considered before it is constructed. However before all that I had to research how a computer functions, what type of equipment I had to purchase, and how to assemble it. The first avenue of knowledge I decided to take was a workshop on how to build a personal computer at Solano Community College early last year. The workshop was only designed to last for one day. I could not possibly absorb that much of information in one day; however, I felt it would provide me with a jump-start. The visual explanation by the professor allowed me to understand the concept of computing more clearly when I combined it with the textbook reading. It allowed me to fill in the gaps of information I had not understood during the workshop. After gaining some more knowledge beginning to feel more comfortable with the components and how they fit together. I began to explore my own older computer. I would for example use the textbook an d learn to identify each component by sight and their operations and duties. After I felt I confident with computers, I began to formulate a list of parts and plan on how I was going to assemble them. First, the speed, type, and brand of CPU processor must be determined. Then, depending on the CPU, a motherboard must be chosen. The motherboard is the focal point of the computer. It sets the foundation on which other components will be installed. It establishes what type of RAM, hard drive, computer case, and power supply will be used. However, the amount and size of both the RAM and hard drive must also be determined. Next, a video card and sound card must be chosen. The type of video card depends on the quality of picture desired and whether or not high-end graphics will be used on the computer. The sound card also depends on the quality of sound desired by the user. The next thing to consider is the speed of the CD ROM and the rpm ...

The History of the European Union

The History of the European Union The European Union (EU) was created by the Maastricht Treaty on Nov.  1, 1993. Its a political and economic union between European countries that sets policies concerning the members’ economies, societies, laws, and, to some extent, security. To some, the EU is an overblown bureaucracy that  drains money and compromises the power of sovereign states. For others, its the best way to meet challenges smaller nations might struggle with- such as economic growth and negotiations with larger nations- and worth surrendering some sovereignty to achieve. Despite many years of integration, opposition remains strong, but states have acted pragmatically, at times, to sustain  the union. Origins of the EU The EU  wasnt created in one go by the Maastricht Treaty  but was the result of gradual integration since 1945. The success of one level of union gave confidence and impetus for a next level. In this way, the EU can be said to have been formed by the demands of its member nations. The end of World War II  left Europe divided between the communist, Soviet-dominated eastern bloc and the largely democratic western nations. There were fears over what direction a rebuilt Germany would take. In the West, thoughts of a federal European union re-emerged with hopes of binding Germany into pan-European democratic institutions to the extent that it, or any other allied European nation, wouldn’t be able to start a new war and would resist the expansion of the communist East. The First Union: the ECSC Europe’s post-war nations weren’t just seeking  peace; they were also after solutions to economic problems, such as raw materials being in one country and the industry to process them in another. War had left Europe exhausted, with industry greatly damaged and defenses possibly unable to stop Russia. Six neighboring countries agreed in The Treaty of Paris to form an area of free trade for several key resources, including coal, steel, and iron ore, chosen for their role in industry and the military. This body was called the European Coal and Steel Community and involved Germany, Belgium, France, Holland, Italy, and Luxembourg. It began on July 23, 1952, and ended on July 23, 2002, replaced by further unions. France had suggested the ECSC to control Germany and to rebuild industry. Germany wanted to become an equal player in Europe again and rebuild its reputation, as did Italy, while the others hoped for growth and feared being left behind. France, afraid Britain would try to quash the plan, didn’t include it in initial discussions. Britain stayed out, wary of giving up power and content with the economic potential offered by the Commonwealth. A group of supranational (a level of governance above nation states) bodies was created  to manage the ECSC: a council of ministers, a common assembly, a high authority, and a court of justice to legislate, develop ideas, and resolve disputes. The later EU  would emerge  from these key bodies, a process that some of the ECSC’s creators had envisaged, as they explicitly stated creation of a federal Europe as their long-term goal. The European Economic Community A false step was taken in the mid-1950s when a proposed  European defense community among the ESSC’s six states was drawn up. It called for a joint army to be controlled by a new supranational defense minister. The initiative was rejected after France’s National Assembly voted it down. However, the success of the ECSC led to the members signing two new treaties in 1957, both called the treaty of Rome. This created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which was to pool knowledge of atomic energy, and the European Economic Community (EEC), with a common market among the members with no tariffs or impediments to the flow of labor and goods. It aimed to continue economic growth and avoid the protectionist policies of pre-war Europe. By 1970 trade within the common market had increased fivefold. Also created was the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to boost members farming and an end to monopolies. The CAP, which wasn’t based on a common market but on government subsidies to support local farmers, has become one of the most controversial EU policies.​ Like the ECSC, the EEC created several supranational bodies: a council of ministers to make decisions, a common assembly (called the European Parliament from 1962) to give advice, a court that could overrule member states, and a commission to put the policy into effect. The 1965 Brussels Treaty merged the commissions of the EEC, ECSC, and Euratom to create a joint, permanent civil service. Development A late 1960s power struggle established the need for unanimous agreements on key decisions, effectively giving member states a veto. It has been argued that this slowed union by two decades. Over the 70s and 80s, membership in the EEC expanded, allowing Denmark, Ireland, and the UK in 1973, Greece in 1981, and Portugal and Spain in 1986. Britain had changed its mind after seeing its economic growth lag behind the EECs, and after America indicated it would support Britain as a rival voice in the EEC to France and Germany. Ireland and Denmark, heavily dependent upon the UK economy, followed it in to keep pace and attempt to develop themselves away from Britain. Norway applied at the same time but withdrew after a referendum   failed. Meanwhile, member states began to see European integration as a way to balance the influence of Russia and America. Breakup? On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU and become the first member state to use a previously untouched release clause. As of 2016, there were 27 countries in the European Union (with year of joining): Austria (1995)Belgium (1957)Bulgaria (2007)Croatia (2013)Cyprus  (2004)Czech Republic (2004)Denmark (1973)Estonia  (2004)Finland  (1995)France  (1957)Germany  (1957)Greece (1981)Hungary  (2004)Ireland  (1973)Italy  (1957)Latvia  (2004)Lithuania  (2004)Luxembourg  (1957)Malta  (2004)The Netherlands  (1957)Poland  (2004)Portugal  (1986)Romania (2007)Slovakia  (2004)Slovenia  (2004)Spain (1986)Sweden  (1995) The development of the EU  slowed in the 70s, frustrating federalists who sometimes refer to it as a dark age. Attempts to create an economic and monetary union were drawn up but derailed by the declining international economy. However, impetus returned by the 80s, partly because of fears that Reagan’s U.S. was moving away from Europe and preventing EEC members from forming links with  Communist countries  in an attempt to slowly bring them back into the democratic fold. Foreign policy became an area for consultation and group action. Other funds and bodies were created including the European Monetary System in 1979 and methods of giving grants to underdeveloped areas. In 1987 the Single European Act (SEA) evolved the EEC’s role a step further. Now European Parliament members were given the ability to vote on legislation and issues, with the number of votes dependent on each member’s population. The Maastricht Treaty and the European Union On Feb.  7, 1992, European integration moved another step further when the Treaty on European Union,   known as the Maastricht Treaty, was signed. This came into force on Nov. 1, 1993, and changed the EEC into the newly named European Union. The change broadened the work of the supranational bodies based around three â€Å"pillars†: the European Communities, giving more power to the European parliament; a common security/foreign policy; and involvement in the domestic affairs of member nations on â€Å"justice and home affairs.† In practice, and to pass the mandatory unanimous vote, these were all compromises away from the unified ideal. The EU also set guidelines for creation of a single currency, although when this was introduced in 1999 three nations opted out and one failed to meet the required targets. Currency and economic reform were now being driven largely by the fact that the U.S. and Japanese economies were growing faster than Europe’s, especially after expanding quickly into the new developments in electronics. There were objections from poorer member nations, which wanted more money from the union, and larger nations, which wanted to pay less; a compromise was eventually reached. One planned side effect of the closer economic union and the creation of a single market was the greater co-operation in social policy that would have to occur as a result. The Maastricht Treaty also formalized the concept of EU citizenship, allowing any individual from an EU nation to run for office in their government, which was also changed to promote decision-making. Perhaps most controversially, the EU’s entrance into domestic and legal matters- which produced the Human Rights Act and overrode many member states’ local laws- produced rules relating to free movement within the EU’s borders, leading to paranoia about mass migrations from poorer EU nations to richer ones. More areas of members’ government were affected than ever before, and the bureaucracy expanded. The Maastricht Treaty faced heavy opposition, only narrowly passing in France and forcing  a vote in the UK. Further Enlargements In 1995 Sweden, Austria, and Finland joined, while in 1999 the Treaty of Amsterdam came into effect, bringing employment, working and living conditions, and other social and legal issues into the EU. By then Europe was facing great changes caused by the collapse of the Soviet dominated East and the emergence of economically weakened but newly democratic eastern nations. The 2001 Treaty of Nice tried to prepare for this, and a number of states entered into special agreements in which they initially joined parts of the EU system, such as the free trade zones. There were discussions over streamlining voting and modifying the CAP, especially as Eastern Europe had a much higher percentage of the population involved in agriculture than the West, but in the end financial worries prevented change. While there was opposition,  10 nations joined in 2004 and two in 2007. By this time there had been agreements to apply majority voting to more issues, but national vetoes remained on tax, security, and other issues. Worries over international crime, as criminals had formed effective cross-border organizations, were now acting as an impetus. The Lisbon Treaty The EU’s level of integration is unmatched in the modern world. Some want to move it closer still, though many don’t. The Convention on the Future of Europe was created in 2002 to write an EU constitution. The draft, signed in 2004, aimed to install a permanent EU president, a foreign minister, and a charter of rights. It would have also allowed the EU to make many more decisions instead of the heads’ of the individual members. It was rejected in 2005, when France and the Netherlands failed to ratify it and before other EU members got the chance to vote. An amended work, the Lisbon Treaty, still aimed to install an EU president and foreign minister, as well as expand the EU’s legal powers, but only through developing the existing bodies. This was signed in 2007 but initially rejected, this time by voters in Ireland. However, in 2009 Irish voters passed the treaty, many concerned about the economic effects of saying no. By the winter of 2009 all 27 EU states had ratified the process, and it took effect. Herman Van Rompuy, at that time Belgium prime minister, became the first president of the European Council, and Britain’s Baroness Catherine Ashton became high representative for foreign affairs. There remained many political opposition parties- and politicians in the ruling parties- that opposed the treaty, and the EU remains a divisive issue in the politics of all member nations.

Human Resource Management strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management strategy - Essay Example The concept of Strategic Human Resource Management has replaced the traditional perception of human management. Even though the traditional theories of human management (Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory and Herzberg Two-Factor theory) are still used by most of the HR managers, the functions have changed to include the strategic planning. Human Resource Management can build the organizational capacity and sustained competitive advantage. Organizations must be able to adapt to the changing environments and be ready to react to risks. Any organization that wants to remain successful must continually assess and formulate new strategies to meet the needs of its customers (both internal and external) in more effective ways (Marchington 2005). For example, if the organization is emphasizing the cost strategy, the changes in HRM activities will enable those strategies to become the major focus of organization. If particular, the multi-skilled employees and less expensive staff will help to meet the cost objectives. Without proper changes in HRM functions, organizational strategy might fail. Not a single organization is able to avoid conflicts and risks on the market. The development and application of the HR strategies of dealing with conflict determine the way company will deal with the outside conflicts. There are three HR views on dealing with conflict: traditional (conflict is harmful and requires the firm approach for avoidance), behavioural (conflict should be expected and turned into benefit), and interactionist (conflict is inevitable and should be challenged). These three views represent the ways companies are dealing with conflicts within organization, in the workplace setting. However, the same views can be applied to strategic management as well. For example, there is always the threat of competitor being more successful in marketing and if the company is ready to face this challenge, it can be turned into the benefit. Moreover, companies spend thousands of dollars to recruit talented employees and pay bug salaries to the individuals who contribute the company's success. At the age of globalization and increasing importance of skillful workforce, retaining employees is not an easy task and has become the part of the strategic planning. Employees, especially upper level, should be motivated not only to remain with the company, but also to improve their performance on continuous basis. As the research indicates, the Maslow's hierarchy of needs was not validated, but it does work in motivating employees (Purcell 2003). It is worth to note that the strategically important employees come into the company when the needs of the lower levels are already met and they seek for self-actualization mainly. Motivation of employees, as it was already noted above, is the key factor in achieving the company's success. Herzberg's Two Factor Theory provides the insight on motivators and dissatisfiers. Herzberg assumed that motivators are under the control of individuals, while dissatisfiers are under the control of organization. However, this assumption does not seem to be workable. For example, if the HR Managers knows about the factors which satisfy the employees and motivate him to contribute more into the company, these factors could be stressed continually. Thus, motivators are un

Monopoly Market and Monopolistic Competitive Market Essay

Monopoly Market and Monopolistic Competitive Market - Essay Example Each potato chip market type has its own benefits and peculiarities. Monopoly A monopoly, including the Wonks monopoly, occurs if there are no competitors. There is only one seller of a certain product type or brand in the community. Likewise, monopoly occurs when there is only one product that serves a specific need or want. Monopoly crops up when new entrants are prohibited or cannot topple the obstacles to entering a market occupied by only one seller. For example, the school allows only the school’s own bookstore to sell the students’ required textbooks. The community’s only electric power company is a monopoly. States normally admit only one tap water entity to supply the community’s water needs (King, 2011, p. 355). Under a monopoly, there are significant hindrances to entrants to the monopoly market, especially with the potato chip industry monopoly. For example, legal barriers prevent competitors from entering the monopoly market. For example, the government only allows one company the license to operate within the community, city, or state. Some states offer a monopoly license to one company to serve the water, sewer, natural gas, and electric power needs of the constituents. In other states, the government operates monopoly liquor stores and lotteries. Likewise, the United States Postal Services has a monopoly license to deliver first class mail. ... The government can ensure more accurate collection of taxes. The government has to monitor only one company supplying the water, electricity, gas, mail, and other needs of the community. The government’s tax collection efforts will be easier. The businesses have to transact with only one company in a specific market segments. The business entity has to only contact one water supply company, one mail delivery agency, or one electricity provider, for their water, mail, and electricity needs. The consumers can easily locate the only entity responsible for the supply of water, electricity, and mail services. The stakeholders will have lesser time and difficulty finding and transacting with the monopoly company serving the needs and wants of the community. Pricing under the monopoly differs from the monopolized competitive market. The monopoly company can raise its selling prices without losing its current customer base. The customers have no other alternative but to pay the higher prices. The government can step in and set limits to the monopoly company’s price increases. The government can interfere when the monopoly company’s price increases borders on abuse of the customers. Government interference is required when the price increase does not equate to the improvement of the company’s current unfavorable service (Dudey, 1996). In terms of production, the monopoly enjoys exclusive rights to sell its products and services to the current and prospective customers. Microsoft is the exclusive seller of Microsoft computer software products (Gisser, 2001, p. 211). Microsoft is the sole seller of Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows NT software. The company’s monopoly of the Microsoft office software forces all computer users to buy